This is an excellent article that describes how learning takes place when you practice. It describes in very basic terms the physical processes in the brain and nerves. It was written for businesses that are training new employees in job skills, but it applies very well to learning a new piece on an instrument or a new athletic activity.
Note the importance of repetition. This article states that 30-50 repetitions are required to solidify a new action. They state this is an unrealistic expectation; however, we all know it is quite realistic and we all do it regularly. A piece of music has been repeated at least this many times before it is mastered.
Note the importance of emotional engagement. We all know that being emotionally engaged in the music is essential in "being musical". It is also important in creating the neural pathways in the brain that are necessary to learn a piece of music. An emotional disconnect from the music can be a factor in the "I've never seen this before" sensation that sometimes occurs while playing.
Finally, not the importance of de-stressing. In order to be successful, you must not stress yourself out over learning something new (or re-learning something old). Stress inhibits the brain's ability to engage in any activity and creates tension that interferes with muscle responses. Learning music should be challenging, but not intimidating. Approach new pieces with self-confidence and open expectation.
They do make a statement that skills training does not work. They are referring to the typical skills training that is used in most businesses, which consists of demonstration followed by only a few repetitions by the new employee before they are expected to be proficient. As we know, this does not work; this is what happens when you "don't practice". The music never progresses past a sight-reading stage. If the piece is below your technical skill level, the notes may be there for the most part, but they are never solid and that added emotional level that constitutes making music never occurs.
http://www.p3t.com/downloads/eletter_nov09.pdf
So.... PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE!
